Python’s list comprehension is a very useful asset for a programmer and a reason for us to love Python. It’s a special syntax, creating lists out of lists and transforming many lines of code into a single one. Let’s dive into it.
Basic List Comprehension
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"] #It creates the same list as l1 [i for i in l1]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']If Statement
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"] #If statement. Filter the list if the element is "a" [i for i in l1 if i!="a"]
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']Transform the elements of a list
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"] #It makes uppercase the letters [i.upper() for i in l1]
['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']If Else Statement
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"] #It makes uppercase the letters except "a" [i.upper() if i!="a" else i for i in l1]
['a', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']Advanced List Comprehension
Use elements of 2 lists
l1=["a","b"] l2=[1,2] #It combines the elements of the l1 and l2 [i+str(j) for i in l1 for j in l2]
['a1', 'a2', 'b1', 'b2']Example: Get the email addresses from a list of domains
l1=["[email protected]", "[email protected]","www.billy.com","python.com", "[email protected]"] domains=['gmail.com',"hotmail.com"] #It searches for email addresses with domains that are in the list "domains" [i for i in l1 for j in domains if j in str(i)]
['[email protected]', '[email protected]']Create a list of tuples
l1=["billy","mike","george","italy","greece"] #It creates list of tuples containing #the elements of the list with their number of characters [(i,len(i)) for i in l1 ]
[('billy', 5), ('mike', 4), ('george', 6), ('italy', 5), ('greece', 6)]Interact with other elements of the list
l1=[1,2,3,6,0,1,4,5,9,0,1,4,5,0] #It creates a list with items the numbers that are before 0 in l2 [l1[i-1] for i,j in enumerate(l1) if j==0]
[6, 9, 5]Dict Comprehension
As with List Comprehension, you can apply the same rules to dictionaries but you have to use curly brackets and set the key and value pairs. We will show you some examples.
Create a dictionary from a list
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"]
#It creates a dictionary
{i:i for i in l1}
{'a': 'a', 'b': 'b', 'c': 'c', 'd': 'd', 'e': 'e', 'f': 'f'}
l1=["a","b","c","d","e","f"]
#It creates a dictionary enumerating every item of the list
{i:j for i,j in enumerate(l1)}
{0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f'}
Iterate over keys & values of a dictionary
d1={0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f'}
#It creates a dictionary adding 1 to the keys of d1
{key+1:value for key , value in d1.items()}
{1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 5: 'e', 6: 'f'}
